在大家的固有印象中，危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存周期最長(zhǎng)不超過一年，環(huán)評(píng)和日常管理中也經(jīng)常按最長(zhǎng)一年周期要求企業(yè)處置危廢。那么國(guó)家法律法規(guī)或者技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、地方法律法規(guī)是否有明文規(guī)定？下文將為您解讀：

　　In people's inherent impression, the maximum storage period for hazardous waste is no more than one year, and environmental impact assessments and daily management often require companies to dispose of hazardous waste according to the maximum one-year cycle. Are there any explicit provisions in national laws, regulations, technical standards, or local laws and regulations? The following text will explain for you:

　　一、國(guó)家法律法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定

　　1、 National laws, regulations, and standard provisions

　　1、《中華人民共和國(guó)固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法（2020年）》第八十一條??收集、貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照危險(xiǎn)廢物特性分類進(jìn)行。禁止混合收集、貯存、運(yùn)輸、處置性質(zhì)不相容而未經(jīng)安全性處置的危險(xiǎn)廢物。貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)當(dāng)采取符合國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的防護(hù)措施。禁止將危險(xiǎn)廢物混入非危險(xiǎn)廢物中貯存。從事收集、貯存、利用、處置危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的單位，貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不得超過一年；確需延長(zhǎng)期限的，應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)經(jīng)頒發(fā)許可證的生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門批準(zhǔn)；法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外。

　　1. Article 81 of the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China (2020)?? The collection and storage of hazardous waste should be classified according to the characteristics of hazardous waste. It is prohibited to collect, store, transport, and dispose of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of. The storage of hazardous waste should adopt protective measures that comply with national environmental protection standards. It is prohibited to store hazardous waste mixed with non hazardous waste. Units engaged in the collection, storage, utilization, and disposal of hazardous waste shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year; If it is necessary to extend the deadline, approval should be obtained from the ecological environment department that issued the permit; Except as otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations.

　　2、《排污許可證申請(qǐng)與核發(fā)技術(shù)規(guī)范? 工業(yè)固體廢物（試行）》（HJ 1200-2021）5.2.2 自行貯存設(shè)施污染防控技術(shù)要求包裝容器應(yīng)達(dá)到相應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度要求并完好無損，禁止混合貯存性質(zhì)不相容而未經(jīng)安全性處置的危險(xiǎn)廢物；危險(xiǎn)廢物容器和包裝物以及危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存設(shè)施、場(chǎng)所應(yīng)按規(guī)定設(shè)置危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志；倉庫式貯存設(shè)施應(yīng)分開存放不相容危險(xiǎn)廢物，按危險(xiǎn)廢物的種類和特性進(jìn)行分區(qū)貯存，采用防腐、防滲地面和裙腳，設(shè)置防止泄露物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散至外環(huán)境的攔截、導(dǎo)流、收集設(shè)施；貯存堆場(chǎng)要防風(fēng)、防雨、防曬；從事收集、貯存、利用、處置危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的單位，貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不得超過一年（報(bào)經(jīng)頒發(fā)危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門批準(zhǔn)或法律法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外）等。由以上規(guī)定可知：國(guó)家法律法規(guī)和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不超過一年的主體是危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)單位，一般的工業(yè)企業(yè)并不在其適用范圍內(nèi)。

　　2. Technical Specifications for Application and Issuance of Pollutant Discharge Permits - Industrial Solid Waste (Trial) "(HJ 1200-2021) 5.2.2 Technical Requirements for Pollution Prevention and Control of Self Storage Facilities: Packaging containers should meet the corresponding strength requirements and be intact. It is prohibited to mix and store hazardous waste with incompatible properties that have not been safely disposed of; Hazardous waste containers and packaging materials, as well as hazardous waste storage facilities and locations, should be marked with hazardous waste identification signs in accordance with regulations; Warehouse style storage facilities should separate incompatible hazardous wastes and store them in zones according to their types and characteristics. Anti corrosion and anti-seepage floors and skirts should be used, and interception, diversion, and collection facilities should be set up to prevent leaked substances from spreading to the external environment; The storage yard should be windproof, rainproof, and sun proof; Units engaged in the collection, storage, utilization, and disposal of hazardous waste shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year (except for those approved by the ecological environment department that issued the hazardous waste business license or as otherwise provided by laws and regulations). From the above provisions, it can be seen that the main body that stores hazardous waste for no more than one year according to national laws, regulations, and technical standards is the hazardous waste management unit, and general industrial enterprises are not within its scope of application.

　　二、地方特殊要求1、安徽省實(shí)施《中華人民共和國(guó)固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》辦法第五十條 產(chǎn)生易燃性或者反應(yīng)性危險(xiǎn)廢物的單位，貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不得超過一年。從事收集、貯存、利用、處置危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的單位，貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不得超過一年；確需延長(zhǎng)期限的，應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)經(jīng)頒發(fā)許可證的生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門批準(zhǔn)。2、《廣東省固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治條例》第四十五條 危險(xiǎn)廢物產(chǎn)生單位確需臨時(shí)貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物的，必須采取符合國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的防護(hù)措施，且貯存期限不得超過一年，并向所在地縣級(jí)以上人民政府生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門報(bào)告臨時(shí)貯存的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及采取的防護(hù)措施；超期貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物的，由其所在地縣級(jí)以上人民政府生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門責(zé)令限期處置3、《重慶市環(huán)境保護(hù)條例》第九十八條貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不符合要求或者貯存期限超過一年的，由生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門責(zé)令改正，處一萬元以上十萬元以下罰款。

　　2、 Local special requirements: 1. Anhui Province implements Article 50 of the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China. Units that generate flammable or reactive hazardous waste shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year. Units engaged in the collection, storage, utilization, and disposal of hazardous waste shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year; If it is necessary to extend the deadline, approval should be obtained from the ecological environment department that issued the permit. 2. Article 45 of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution in Guangdong Province stipulates that if a hazardous waste generating unit needs to temporarily store hazardous waste, it must take protective measures that comply with national environmental protection standards, and the storage period shall not exceed one year. It must also report the time, location, and protective measures taken for temporary storage to the ecological environment department of the local people's government at or above the county level; If hazardous waste is stored beyond the prescribed period, the ecological environment department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to be disposed of within a specified time. Article 98 of the Chongqing Environmental Protection Regulations stipulates that if hazardous waste is stored in a manner that does not meet the requirements or has a storage period exceeding one year, the ecological environment department shall order it to rectify and impose a fine of not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 100000 yuan.

　　由以上條款可知：部分地區(qū)確實(shí)規(guī)定了工業(yè)企業(yè)危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存期限不超過一年。

　　From the above terms, it can be seen that some regions do stipulate that the temporary storage period of hazardous waste in industrial enterprises shall not exceed one year.

　　總結(jié)：國(guó)家層面只規(guī)定了危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)單位危廢貯存期限不得超過一年，對(duì)一般工業(yè)企業(yè)危廢并無一年暫存期規(guī)定。如地方上對(duì)危廢暫存期限有要求，應(yīng)遵守地方規(guī)定。危險(xiǎn)廢物一般具有毒性、腐蝕性、易燃性、反應(yīng)性、感染性等一種或者幾種危險(xiǎn)特性，危廢產(chǎn)生單位應(yīng)根據(jù)危廢產(chǎn)生周期、貯存能力妥善定期處置危險(xiǎn)廢物，避免發(fā)生環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　Summary: At the national level, it is only stipulated that hazardous waste management units shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year, and there is no one-year temporary storage period for hazardous waste in general industrial enterprises. If there are requirements for the temporary storage period of hazardous waste in the local area, local regulations should be followed. Hazardous waste generally has one or more hazardous characteristics such as toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity, and infectivity. Hazardous waste generation units should dispose of hazardous waste properly and regularly according to the hazardous waste generation cycle and storage capacity to avoid environmental risks.

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